World Urbanism Day

World Urbanism Day is a special occasion that aims to raise awareness in the field of urbanism and increase public interest and participation in urban life. This concept was first introduced in 1949 by Professor Carlos Maria della Paolera, highlighting the importance of addressing urbanization not only through architecture but also through collaboration with various disciplines.

Celebrated annually on November 8 in four continents and over 30 countries, World Urbanism Day provides a platform to address issues such as sustainability, accessibility, green space density, public transportation efficiency, housing problems, and cultural richness. It serves as a foundation for finding solutions to shape the future of cities.

'Planning in the New Century', 47th Colloquium of World Urbanism Day

This year's colloquium, organized to celebrate Urbanism Day in Turkey, will focus on the theme of "Planning in the New Century" as we commemorate the 100th anniversary of our Republic. It will provide an opportunity to discuss the advancements in urbanism and planning and explore future prospects in this field.

'Resilient cities and living spaces against the effects of natural disasters'; 'Regional planning for the new century'; 'Institutional structure of planning ( Regulations, plan production processes and administrative structure)'; 'Professional field of planning, actors, processes and opportunities; digital transformation in planning'; 'Local governments, participation and democracy; Urban space and accessibility'; 'Heritage and urbanism: What we have lost and what we will transfer to the new century'; 'Fairness in space/society and urban policy'; 'Urban design practices and qualified urban spaces in the new century'; 'Ecology, urbanization and rural areas in the age of Anthropocene'; 'Demographic mobility in the cities: dissolutions, challenges, opportunities'; will be discussed by valuable academicians and experts within the scope of the 47th Colloquium on the 8th November, World Urbanism Day. Among the speakers of the Colloquium, which will be held in Gençlik Park - Ankara on November 8-10, 2023, with the theme of "Planning in the New Century" hosted by Ankara Metropolitan Municipality, there will be valuable academicians working in various universities such as Middle East Technical University, Yıldız Technical University, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, and Karadeniz Technical University. Additionally, there will be many valuable names from the members of TMMOB 'Chamber of City Planners'. The Colloquium is expected to provide insights into the understanding of urbanism in the next century of our Republic.

A Brief History of Urbanism

The character of a city is a complex and vibrant structure that encompasses the social assets, sociological tendencies, beliefs, values, and habits of its residents. Throughout history, urbanism has evolved alongside humanity, adapting to the rise and fall of civilizations. In ancient times, early settled communities chose their locations based on geographical advantages, focusing on water resources, agricultural productivity, and trade routes. Ancient civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China incorporated these factors into their urban planning. Ancient Greece introduced the influential 'Hippodamus' regular city planning. During the Middle Ages, European cities were often at the center of feudal systems, while the Renaissance emphasized aesthetic and artistic values. The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urban growth, necessitating the development of infrastructure, housing, and public transportation systems. Today, urbanism continues to shape cities by addressing various issues such as sustainability, accessibility, green spaces, public transportation, housing, public spaces, urban transformation, and cultural diversity. City plans are influenced by the identity of societies and, in turn, shape their identity. A city's plan is designed to provide suitable services over time, tailored to the unique reasons and needs of the city. Occasionally, cities undergo complete re-planning or systematic changes due to factors like war, natural disasters, or migration. The expertise and vision of decision-makers, as well as their intellectual background, play a crucial role in these processes.

Outstanding City Plans of Global Metropolises

City Plan of PARIS

Paris boasts one of the most captivating urban plans worldwide. Its city center, which has undergone numerous transformations throughout history, is renowned for its wide boulevards, inviting parks that foster social interaction, and beautifully landscaped green spaces. Complemented by an efficient public transportation network, the city's architectural heritage significantly shapes its identity.

Spanning both sides of the Seine, Paris' city center encompasses prominent landmarks such as Notre-Dame Cathedral, situated on the Île de la Cité, commonly referred to as the "heart of Paris." The city is famous for its expansive romantic boulevards, iconic cafés, and bustling avenues that captivate our imaginations. In the 19th century, an urban renewal project led by Georges-Eugene Haussmann transformed the city's narrow streets into wide boulevards. Haussmann's innovative urban plan adopted a "radial" layout, where squares became central hubs for navigating from one area to another. This radial design, centered around the "Arc de Triomphe" at Charles de Gaulle Square, not only emphasizes the square as a gathering place but also facilitates security interventions. These broad promenades, radiating from a central point, were designed to enhance pedestrian social life and shopping experiences. The Champs-Élysées and Boulevard Haussmann are renowned boulevards from this period.

Expansive parks and well-organized green spaces are integral components that enhance the city's allure. Famous parks such as Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes, Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, and Jardin des Tuileries grace the city center.

An efficient and accessible transportation network is a pivotal aspect of the city's plan. Paris encourages active participation in social life through various transportation alternatives, including the metro, buses, trains, as well as cycling and walking paths that surround the city.

The city's rich history, culture, and architectural heritage, featuring masterpieces in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical styles, form an essential part of its distinct identity. Landmarks such as the Louvre Museum, the Eiffel Tower, the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur, and the Palace of Versailles exemplify this remarkable heritage. Paris' urban plan intertwines seamlessly with its history, culture, and art, contributing to its unique atmosphere and global recognition as a premier tourist destination.

City Plan of TOKYO

Tokyo is the capital of Japan and one of the world's largest metropolises. Its city plan is intricate and multi-layered, shaped by a combination of historical, natural, modernization, and population factors. Tokyo has a rich history dating back to the "Edo period". The foundations of modern Tokyo were established during Japan's Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century. Later, Tokyo became the seat of Japan's central government.

Tokyo's city center consists of neighborhoods such as Chiyoda, Chuo, Minato, and Shinjuku. These districts house business centers, government buildings, financial institutions, upscale shopping areas, and residences. The city's skyline is renowned for its towering buildings and skyscrapers. Observation towers like Tokyo Tower and Tokyo Skytree provide panoramic views of the city. Tokyo is divided into 23 special districts known as "wards". Each ward has its own local government and unique characteristics. Moreover, each ward contains areas designated for different purposes, including residential, business, and cultural areas.

Despite its complex city planning, Tokyo boasts an efficient transportation network. Systems such as JR East, Tokyo Metro, and Toei Subway facilitate transportation within and between cities. Additionally, Narita and Haneda airports connect Tokyo with other major cities.

Natural disasters and challenges play a significant role in Tokyo's urban planning. Earthquakes and tsunamis are crucial considerations, necessitating the construction of strong and reliable structures. Tokyo has implemented excellent planning and architecture that remains largely unaffected even by major earthquakes.

Tokyo's city plan has evolved over time due to factors such as high population density, technological advancements, and cultural diversity. The structure of Tokyo's city plan contributes to its status as a vital cultural, commercial, and financial center. This intricate city plan can be seen as a mosaic that harmoniously blends historical and modern elements.

City Plan of NEW YORK

New York is one of the largest and most iconic cities in the United States. Even those who have never visited the city intimately know it from unforgettable scenes in Hollywood movies. When we think of New York, Manhattan immediately comes to mind, with its symbolic modernist buildings, and Central Park, which resembles a vast forest.

The city plan of New York is based on a grid system, with Manhattan serving as the main island known for this famous layout. Adopted in 1811 with the 'Wolertown Plan', also known as the ‘Commissioners’ Plan’, this grid system allows for easy exploration of the island through straight, ordered streets and avenues. It is characterized by a numbering system between boulevards and streets. The famous 'Times Square', located at the intersection of 7th Avenue, Broadway Street, and 42nd Street, is the heart of Manhattan. Manhattan is home to major business centers like Rockefeller Center and Fifth Avenue, as well as financial institutions such as Wall Street and the Financial District. Central Park, critical to the city's identity, is also located in this area. Designed in 1857, Central Park is a large urban park with expansive green spaces, a lake, sports fields, and recreational areas. This significant green space in the heart of the city alleviates the pressure and tension of dense development, while also fostering social life and chance encounters.

New York, located on the east coast, is surrounded by waterways like the Hudson River. These waterways have influenced the historical development of the city and are vital for port traffic. The city consists of five main districts: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. These districts came together in 1898 to form the current boundaries of the city. New York's city skyline is dominated by iconic structures such as the Empire State Building, One World Trade Center, and the Chrysler Building. The city is also known for its diverse neighborhoods, including Harlem, Chinatown, Little Italy, SoHo, and Greenwich Village, which attract both residents and visitors with their unique character. New York has an extensive public transportation network, including subways, bus lines, and ferries, facilitating urban transportation for millions of people each day.

New York's city plan reflects the dynamics of an ever-changing and growing metropolis. It is a synthesis of economic, cultural, and historical influences, offering countless opportunities for discovery to both residents and visitors.